Peralatan Asas

Shin pads perlu dipakai mengikut peratuan.

The Laws of the Game set out the basic equipment which must be worn by all players in Law 4: The Players' Equipment. Five separate items are specified: shirt (also known as a jersey), shorts, socks (also known as stockings), footwear and shin pads.[1] Goalkeepers are allowed to wear tracksuit bottoms instead of shorts.[2]

While most players wear studded football boots ("soccer shoes"[3][4] or "cleats"[4] in U.S. English), the Laws do not specify that these are required.[1] Shirts must have sleeves (both short and long sleeves are accepted), and goalkeepers must wear shirts which are easily distinguishable from all other players and the match officials. Thermal undershorts may be worn, but must be the same colour as the shorts themselves. Shin pads must be covered entirely by the stockings, be made of rubber, plastic or a similar material, and "provide a reasonable degree of protection".[1] The only other restriction on equipment defined in the Laws of the Game is the requirement that a player "must not use equipment or wear anything that is dangerous to himself or another player".[1]

It is normal for individual competitions to specify that all outfield players on a team must wear the same colours, though the Law states only "The two teams must wear colours that distinguish them from each other and also the referee and the assistant referees".[1] In the event of a match between teams who would normally wear identical or similar colours the away team must change to a different colour.[5] Because of this requirement a team's second-choice is often referred to as its "away kit" or "away colours", although it is not unknown, especially at international level, for teams to opt to wear their away colours even when not required to by a clash of colours, or to wear them at home. The England national team sometimes plays in red shirts even when it is not required, as this was the strip worn when the team won the 1966 FIFA World Cup.[6] Many professional clubs also have a "third kit", ostensibly to be used if both their first-choice and away colours are deemed too similar to those of an opponent.[7] Most professional clubs have retained the same basic colour scheme for several decades,[7] and the colours themselves form an integral part of a club's culture.[8] Teams representing countries in international competition generally wear national colours in common with other sporting teams of the same nation. These are usually based on the colours of the country's national flag, although there are exceptions—the Italian national team, for example, wear blue as it was the colour of the House of Savoy, the Australian team like most Australian sporting teams wear the Australian National Colours of green and gold, neither of which appear on the flag, and the Dutch national team wear orange, the colour of the Dutch Royal House.[9]

The home shirt of Olympique de Marseille for the 2006–07 season

Shirts are normally made of a polyester mesh, which does not trap the sweat and body heat in the same way as a shirt made of a natural fibre.[10] Most professional clubs have sponsors' logos on the front of their shirts, which can generate significant levels of income,[11] and some also offer sponsors the chance to place their logos on the back of their shirts.[12] Depending on local rules, there may be restrictions on how large these logos may be or on what logos may be displayed.[13] Competitions such as the Premier League may also require players to wear patches on their sleeves depicting the logo of the competition.[14] A player's number is usually printed on the back of the shirt, although international teams often also place numbers on the front,[15] and professional teams generally print a player's surname above his number.[16] The captain of each team is usually required to wear an elasticated armband around the left sleeve to identify him as the captain to the referee and supporters.

Modern turf shoes, which are designed to be used on hard artificial turf or sand.

Most current players wear specialist football boots, which can be made either of leather or a synthetic material. Modern boots are cut slightly below the ankles, as opposed to the high-ankled boots used in former times, and have studs attached to the soles. Studs may be either moulded directly to the sole or be detachable, normally by means of a screw thread.[17] Modern boots such as the Adidas Predator, originally designed by former Liverpool player Craig Johnston, feature increasingly intricate, scientifically aided designs and features such as air pockets in the soles and rubber "blades" on the sole rather than studs.[18] The blades have been the subject of controversy as several top managers have blamed them for injuries both to opposition players and to the wearers themselves.[19][20]

The Laws of the Game specify that all players, regardless of gender, must wear the same kit, however in September 2008 the Dutch women's team FC de Rakt made international headlines by swapping its old strip for a new one featuring short skirts and tight-fitting shirts. This innovation, which had been requested by the team itself, was initially vetoed by the KNVB, Dutch football's governing body, but this decision was reversed when it was revealed that the FC de Rakt team were wearing hot pants under their skirts, and were therefore technically in compliance.[21]

Lain-Lain Peralatan

Various styles of goalkeeping gloves

All players are permitted to wear gloves,[22] and goalkeepers usually wear specialist goalkeeping gloves. Prior to the 1970s, gloves were rarely worn,[23] but it is now extremely unusual to see a goalkeeper without gloves. In Portugal's match against England in the Euro 2004 tournament, Ricardo drew much comment for deciding to remove his gloves during the penalty shoot-out.[24] Since the 1980s significant advancements have been made in the design of gloves, which now feature protectors to prevent the fingers bending backwards, segmentation to allow greater flexibility, and palms made of materials designed to protect the hand and to enhance a player's grip.[23] Gloves are available in a variety of different cuts, including "flat palm", "roll finger" and "negative", with variations in the stitching and fit.[25] Goalkeepers sometimes also wear caps to prevent glare from the sun or floodlights affecting their performance.[22] Players with sight problems may wear glasses as long as there is no risk of them falling off or breaking and thereby becoming dangerous. Most players affected choose to wear contact lenses, although Dutch player Edgar Davids, who is unable to wear contact lenses due to his glaucoma, is known for his distinctive wraparound goggles.[26] Other items that may be dangerous to other players, such as jewellery, however, are not allowed.[1] Players may also choose to wear headgear to protect themselves from head injury as long as it presents no risk to the safety of the wearer or any other player.[27]

Kit Rasmi Perlawanan

Referee Howard Webb wearing a black strip

Referees, assistant referees and fourth officials wear kits of a similar style to that worn by players; until the 1950s it was more common for a referee to wear a blazer than a jersey. Although not specified in the Laws of the Game, it is considered a principle of football that officials wear shirts of a different colour to those worn by the two teams.[28] In 1998 Premier League referee David Elleray was forced to change his shirt midway through a match between Aston Villa and Wimbledon as it was deemed too similar to that worn by the Wimbledon players.[29] Black is the traditional colour worn by officials, and "the man in black" is widely used as an informal term for a referee,[30] although increasingly other colours are being used in the modern era.[31] The 1994 World Cup was the first in which FIFA allowed officials to wear colours other than black.[32] Referees also sometimes have sponsors' logos on their shirts, although these are normally confined to the sleeves.[33]